Project Proposal for Financing a Franchise Acquisition

Executive Summary This project proposal is presented to source for financing of opening of a Papa John’s franchise. The proposal includes a critical analysis of all the estimated costs, scheduling and justification. These costs are matched against the forecasted revenues from the projects over a five years period.Advertising We will write a custom proposal sample on Project Proposal for Financing a Franchise Acquisition specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The completion of acquisition of Papa John’s franchise will grant the franchisee the exclusive rights to operate the business of making and distributing pizzas under the Papa John’s franchise. The acquisition of this franchise will see the operations begin in less than a month. This is because the Papa John has an offer of up to $50,000.00 worth of free equipment upon acquisition of the franchise rights and signing of the agreement. The rest of the major costs w ill be leasing of a building which is readily available. Other operational costs are incurred once the business in running and these can be met by the working capital float. The process of acquiring the franchise rights will take up to a maximum of two weeks and operations can begin in a month’s time once the funds are availed and the materials and equipment are in the premises. The expected revenue of this business is $600,000.00 in the first year in the most optimistic scenario, $500,000.00 in the most probable scenario, and $400,000.00 in the most pessimistic scenario. The revenues are expected to grow at a rate of 10% per year for at least the next ten years. The fixed costs are predicted to be about $600,000.00 in the first year and then dropping to $200,000 per year for the next foreseeable future. The other variable costs are estimated to be about $100,000.00 per year afterwards. Having all this information, the proposal, therefore, seeks financing for the establishmen t of the restaurant franchise. Introduction This proposal is submitted with the intention of sourcing for the financing of the acquisition of Papa John’s franchise. Papa John’s Pizza is a restaurant that has been in the business of making and distributing pizzas for the last two and half decades. Making pizza from better ingredients has been Papa John’s commitment since the first day of the opening of the first restaurant.Advertising Looking for proposal on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This has resulted in one of the best quality pizzas in the world. The brand has consequently grown to be the favorite among many consumers. As such, Papa John is seeking to expand the brand presence to possibly all the countries of the world. This franchise is intended to be opened in a small town of Glenwood springs, Colorado. Currently, the town has no pizza outlet yet residents are great consumers of pizzas. The completion of this franchise acquisition will see the franchise acquiring the first mover advantage and take an estimated 90% of the pizza consumers in the city. This will go a long way in establishing a strong goodwill in among the town residents. Customer Deliverables Papa John’s pizza has a quality proposition to the customer: â€Å"making quality pizza using better ingredients.† This dedication to the quality of the product ensures that customers are attracted to the products of the company and subsequently, customer loyalty is gained. The customers can also expect a twenty four hour home delivery service. The customer is always the major focus in any profit making business. This is because the customer consumes the products and without the customer, no company would exist. This realization of the importance of customers has compelled Papa John to have a mission that is customer focused. The consumption of the pizzas from the restaurant will not only benefit the business owner but will also contribute to the social welfare of the Glenwood springs community. This is because the franchise has a â€Å"5% profit apportionment to the society† policy. This will, therefore, ensure that good external relations are created and maintained between the company and the community around it. Project Objective statement The main objective of this project is to open a Papa John’s franchise restaurant in Glenwood town, Colorado. This is aimed at capturing the consumer market in the town while delivering superior quality pizzas. The franchise will also offer employment opportunities for around one hundred people once it is fully operational. Since this will be the first pizza delivering restaurant in town, the revenues are estimated with a high degree of accuracy. A recent market study indicates that an opening of a pizza restaurant in the town would certainly be a viable business venture with a success degree of 95%. The financing of this project would therefore ensure that the opportunity available in the market is exploited.Advertising We will write a custom proposal sample on Project Proposal for Financing a Franchise Acquisition specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Franchise success criteria Papa John’s franchise restaurant, being a private profit motivated business will have its success measured on a number of scales. The most important success scale is having a positive Net Present Value after the first five years upon which the project financing is sought. Net Present value is a finance appraisal technique that discounts the future cash flows of a project (Don, Richard, Steve, John, 2002). If the Net Present value is more than zero, the project is acceptable and its chances of success are higher than when it has been below zero. The other success measure used to appraise the project is the projected revenues. The project needs to operate at leas t under the most probable scenario so as to ensure that the profits earned offset the costs incurred and having residual funds as profits. This is highly achieved by ensuring that operational measures put in place are adhered to as well as ensuring rigorous marketing activities. The other success criteria used is the controllability of costs. The costs to be incurred by the project ought to be estimated with a high degree of accuracy. This will ensure that the chances of contingent expenses are reduced. Costs play a major role in appraising the success of the project since the profits margins can be estimated with a high degree of certainty. As such, the estimated costs will offer insightful information about the success possibility of the business. The final success criteria used is the adaptability to the environment. A business usually operates under two environments: internal and external. The internal environment includes all the factors that contribute to the organization†™s service delivery. They include resources, both tangible and intangible, processes, structure and the organizational culture. The internal environment is important in formulating business strategy since it consists of factors that are controllable by the management. The external environment consists of those remote factors which are outside the control of the company.Advertising Looking for proposal on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More As such, the company must ensure it crafts its strategy that will ensure that it fits within the external environment (Geoff, 1996). Papa John’s restaurant will, therefore, be regarded successful in this regard if manages to take advantage of the opportunities presented while avoiding the threats that the environment presents. Capital cost Estimates The capital expenses for this project involves leasing building, equipments and other assets such as motor vehicles. The following table gives the breakdown of the fixed costs for the five years: Period lease equipment Motor vehicles Franchise fees totals year 1 300,000 100,000 150,000 50,000 600,000 year 2 100,000 50,000 25,000 25,000 200,000 year 3 100,000 50,000 25,000 25,000 200,000 year 4 100,000 50,000 25,000 25,000 200,000 year 5 100,000 50,000 25,000 25,000 200,000 Cost estimation techniques The cost estimation technique used in this project is the Method of Moments. This is a project costs estimation techn ique that expresses the different costs associated with the various cost items (Quentin Joel, 2010). The advantage of this method of estimation is that the total project costs are assumed to follow a normal distribution based on central limit theorem. The method is helpful in deriving the contingency from the normal distribution. This can be helpful in tracking the areas where costs were over incurred or under incurred (Quentin Joel, 2010). This is useful in the future funding of the projects. Using this cost estimation the following table analyses the different cost items as a percentage of the total costs. Fixed Costs percentage costs Lease 700000 26% Equipment 300000 11% Motor vehicles 250000 9% Others 150000 6% variable costs salaries 150000 6% costs of goods sold 1000000 37% Administration expenses 150000 6% total costs 2700000 100% Cost Analysis The above projects costs have been divided into two different classifications: fixed and varia ble costs. The fixed costs consist of lease, equipment, motor vehicle and contingent. The allocation of a total of $700,000 on lease for the five years comes from the need for premises that will not only host the restaurant but also the offices. The amount allocated for lease is 26% of the total project costs. This is a desirable fraction of the total costs since building of a new plant or purchasing a building would push the costs high. The lease requirements state that the first year the amount needed will be $300,000 which will fall to $ 100,000.00 per year for the next five years. Equipment takes up 11% of the total costs of the project. This is due to the various purchases of the new equipment for the restaurant in addition to the $ 50,000.00 worth of equipment given for free by the franchisor upon signing the agreement. The equipment costs are justifiable since the company recovers the full amount spent on capital expenses through the capital tax allowances while submitting th e income tax. Motor vehicles will be used as the premium means of transport for both the raw materials and the products. The initial costs will, therefore, be $150,000.00 and then drop to $25,000.00 per year for the next four years. An analysis of the variable costs indicates that the project’s variable costs majorly consist of salaries, cost of goods sold, and administrative expenses. These expenses are, therefore, justifiable since they are pegged on the projected output for the five years. The largest percentages of costs come from the cost of goods sold. This comes from the purchases and the support activities that bring the product to a consumable state. Cost Assumptions Cost assumption is an important aspect of any cost estimation report. It helps understand the rationale under which the costs were arrived at. Cost estimation also gives a clear interpretation of how the costs were arrived at during the preparation of the projects costs (Nicholas Herman, 2008). There ar e different cost assumptions that exist for different cost scenarios. The most common cost assumptions are that the costs always follow a linear format. This is an assumption that seeks to streamline the change in the costs over the different periods under which the project is to be appraised. In the Papa John’s restaurant franchise financing proposal, there are several cost assumptions that have led to the nature of cost estimates. The first assumption is that the costs will follow a linear distribution over the five years provided. This assumption typically means that over the next five years the costs are expected to remain unchanged. This assumption, however, has several limitations including the fact that in real practice, costs cannot be the same over different periods. This is because of the different market conditions that require firms to spend on the unseen up-comings. This weakness is, however, catered for by the provision of the contingency costs which come under others. The next cost assumption is that the fixed costs will remain the same for the different cost items over the five years. This assumption helps in having a consistent cash flow that can easily be appraised. This assumption is, therefore, a desirable assumption since it helps in having visual appraisal of the projects without having the need of doing extensive detailed report. There is an assumption that the salaries will remain constant over the next five years. This assumption, therefore, means that the employees will either receive constant pay for the five year period without the possibility of salaries additions or the work force may be reduced as the business gets less labor-intensive thus reducing the number of workers and increasing their pay. Project Appraisal Project appraisal is a financial activity that is carried to evaluate the feasibility of an intended project (Linn, 1981). The most common methods of project appraisals are the discounted cash flows methods which include the Net Present value (NPV), the IRR, and the profitability index. The method used in this case in the Net Present Value. This method is used in all three possible scenarios: the optimistic, the most probable and the pessimistic. Net present value (the most optimistic) Papa John Restaurant PERIOD CASH FLOW Investment cash outflow Revenues net cash flows Pvif 12% PV 0 400,000 -400,000 1 -400,000 1 460,000 600,000 140,000 0.8929 125,006 2 460,000 660,000 200,000 0.7972 159,440 3 460,000 726,000 266,000 0.7118 189,339 4 460,000 798,600 338,600 0.6355 215,180 5 460,000 878,460 418,460 0.5674 237,434 TOTAL 0 2,700,000 NPV 526,399 Here the Net present value of the project is positive and therefore the project acceptable. Net Present Value (most probable scenario) Papa John Restaurant PERIOD CASH FLOW Investment cash outflow Revenues net cash flows Pvif 12% PV 0 400,000 -400,000 1 -400,000 1 460,000 500,00 0 40,000 0.8929 35,716 2 460,000 550,000 90,000 0.7972 71,748 3 460,000 605,000 145,000 0.7118 103,211 4 460,000 665,500 205,500 0.6355 130,595 5 460,000 732,050 272,050 0.5674 154,361 TOTAL 0 2,700,000 NPV 95,631 The most probable scenario results in a positive NPV as well. This is, however, less than that of the most optimistic scenario. Net Present Value (the pessimistic scenario) Papa John Restaurant PERIOD CASH FLOW Investment cash outflow Revenues net cash flows Pvif 12% PV 0 400,000 -400,000 1 -400,000 1 460,000 400,000 -60,000 0.8929 -53,574 2 460,000 440,000 -20,000 0.7972 -15,944 3 460,000 484,000 24,000 0.7118 17,083 4 460,000 532,400 72,400 0.6355 46,010 5 460,000 585,640 125,640 0.5674 71,288 TOTAL 0 2,700,000 NPV -335,136 The scenario above shows the expected outcome if the franchise fails in the market. This shows a negative net present value of $ -335,136.00. This scenario shows that if t he expected revenues turn out as indicated, the project is not feasible. However, the project has a positive NPV from the most probable scenario and should, therefore, be considered for acceptance. In appraising the above project, the cost of capital is set at 12%. This is because it is the required rate of return that money lenders are willing to earn as return to their cash lent out or invested. This discounting rate has been used in all possible scenarios. Project Schedule The project is divided into two stages: the pre-take off stake and the business stage. The first stage indicates the resources and inputs needed to ensure that the restaurant starts up while the second stage shows the timelines set for the restaurant to become fully operational. WBS Code Milestone Start Date Finish Date 1.1.5 sourcing of financing 01/24/2012 02/06/2012 1.2.5 Application of franchise agreement 02/06/2012 02/08/2012 1.2.2.1.6 Business License application 02/08/2012 02/10/2012 1.2.2.2.4 Purchase of equipment 02/14/2012 02/18/2012 1.3.1.14 installation and testing 02/19/2012 02/19/2012 1.3.2.4 Employees recruitment 02/25/2012 02/29/2012 1.3.3.4 start of operations 03/01/2012 03/03/2012 References Don, D., Richard, I., Steve, H., John, H. (2002). Capital Budgeting: Financial Appraisal of Investment Projects. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Geoff, R. (1996). Programme Management Demystified: Managing Multiple Projects Successfully. London: E FN Spon. Linn, C. S. (1981). The Implementation of Project Management: The Professional’s Handbook. Los Angeles: Addison-Wesley. Nicholas, J. M., Herman, S. (2008). Project Management for Business, Engineering, and Technology Principles and Practice. Amsterdam: Elseivier Butterworth-Heinemann. Quentin, W. F., Joel, H. K. (2010). Earned Value Project Management. London: Project Management Insitute. This proposal on Project Proposal for Financing a Franchise Acquisition was written and submitted by user Barbara Abbott to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Challenge situation.

Challenge situation. The challenging family situation I would like to share with you is our move from Korea to the United States. In 1989, my life was changed when my family immigrated to a new country, hoping for a better future. My life in Korea was hopeless, because I was a failing student with not much interest in school. I spent the majority of my time in Arcades, wasting my coins on video games. Rather than studying with my friends, as I had told my parents I would, I obsessed over the games. The only positive aspect to my life was my private computer programming lessons. Programming in Apple BASIC presented me with an opportunity to create my own world. One day, my parents told me that we were going to move to the United States of America, and I developed a strong feeling that my life soon would change forever.United StatesAfter spending eleven years in Korea, our family moved to a totally different environment. This I knew would be my toughest challenge to date. As a fifth grader attending a new elementary school in a new country, I felt left out because of my inability to communicate. Some kids assumed that I did not understand them at all, so they made rude remarks about me. I understood them, maybe not completely, but I knew the intent of their messages. All that I had was my Apple II computer at which I just sat and programmed when I came home from school. At home, my parents pressured me to study all of the time, but I was frustrated and wanted to return to Korea. I wanted to go back and talk freely with my friends and play games with them. My parents often told me that they decided to move here...

New Media in China Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

New Media in China - Essay Example (Ditong, 2009). This was unexpected of China. As in the past, Chinese media had never broadcasted instantly news related to natural disasters without the consultation and direction from the Chinese Government. But this was the first time it had behaved differently. In the 1980’s reporting of such disasters was not allowed as it was considered not to be in the best interest of China. It was thought that reporting such events would harm the country’s good reputation. With time, China’s perspective regarding the broadcasting of news related to natural disasters changed to becoming more open and less introvert. And now reporting such events is no longer a politically sensitive issue. This was an example of one medium change among the different forms of Chinese media with the passage of time. All Chinese media experienced similar change as the world advanced. History: Traditional Media to New Media in China With the change of dynasties and rulers, China experienced ev olutionary changes in its media reforms. Starting from the 1956, it was the first time that a Chinese computer scientist edited the article on computer theory. In the year 1978, Den Xiaoping, the Time Magazine person of the year, became the ruler of China and he brought a transition from planned to a market economy and also the existing Chinese television channel kept its name as CCTV. In 1979, a first advertisement of a toothpaste was published in Tianjin Daily and a first TV commercial was broadcasted. Furthermore, the â€Å"Stars†, a group of artists, made artwork that was not acceptable by the Chinese authority, so they were never allowed to display their works. However, they displayed their portraits outside the Chinese Art Gallery shocking the citizens of China who were culture oriented and the paintings for away from their culture. In 1980, the first woman’s magazine was published on July 1 talking about women’s health, fashion and beauty related issues. In 1982, the Chinese Government declared the Advertisement Management Temporary Regulations. These regulations were not like forced laws and their purpose was to support the advertisement industry and make them progress. Western rock music was discussed for the first time in 1983 in a Chinese magazine called the New Observer (translated). Reforms were introduced by the Chinese Government in that year which decentralized the television and radio broadcasting units to some extent. In 1984, when the Kong Fu television series started airing, the tv series from other countries also began being broadcasted which included the Mexican, Brazilian and Japanese serials. Furthermore, an overseas magazine got published on contract with the New York Magazine. In 1986, many extraordinary changes took place. A global advertising company established its office in China. Secondly, a first email is sent from one Chinese scientist to another living in Switzerland. After another ten years, the internet became available to the common public. In June 1989, China was experiencing an internal conflict which was later named Tiananmen Square Massacre by the West. This conflict was broadcasted live by the CNN in Beijing. For the first time, an internal conflict of China came to be watched by millions of people in the world. However; the government fired two of the CCTV representatives who had participated in that live broadcast. In 1994, an English language newspaper in China created its website which also published foreign news in its content which was

Kohl's Department store Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Kohl's Department store - Essay Example It also has equally impressive house brands that are price competitive. These give variety to the product lines that the department store carries. One of the company’s strengths is that Kohl has a very wide distribution network, with nine distribution centers located in strategic areas. This enables the company to immediately replenish stocks in the stores. Immediate replenishment means there will be minimal lost sales due to non-availability of the products. Having a lot of distribution centers also results to manageable operations costs resulting from having to bring the products from one area to another. However, Kohl’s main weakness is its company size compared to the industry’s larger players. Kohl only has about 1000 stores located in various parts of the US. Furthermore, its area of distribution is only within the US, whereas other Retail stores have reached other countries. As such, Kohl is very dependent on the economic condition of the US. Kohl has the ability to compete heads on with the larger players as it continues to expand, with the target of having 1,400 stores in 2012 (Economy Disrupts Kohl’s Expansion 2009). In spite of the economic downturn, slowing the company’s expansion from its target of 90 new stores per year to only 75, the company is still confident on its expansion plans. And alongside the expansion plans is their innovative marketing plans, among which is the company’s shopping strategy tool, whereby consumers can create and print customized shopping lists that has product images and pricing so that they can compare values and get the most out of their money (Kohl’s Shoppers Can Count on Tremendous After Thanksgiving Day Savings 2009). Another opportunity is that Kohl is now also maximizing online shopping, as the other retailers in the same league. Doing so would attract more consumers, and connecting them on a personal level as the website offers detailed

Stategic Managment - Board Report on MarketPlace Progress Essay

Stategic Managment - Board Report on MarketPlace Progress - Essay Example Even though the overall performance may not look substantial in the first quarter, market saturation has been acknowledged as one of the factors that led to the projection of these results. According to the financial reports of the first quarter, there has been a weak financial return, a clear indication that the company has long-term focus attributed by stock turnouts (Grünig and Kühn 2011). After the three years in this industry, Tech Nova Company has been considered as the third best in travelers demand with a total return of 448 points after universal and Pineapple computers. However, the marginal difference was quite narrow and can be easily attained. Moreover, the organisation forms the third best overall in market share. While striving to achieve its best competitive edge, the organisation has also put in place mechanisms to catch up with the second best firm before putting more emphasis of competing with the leading company (Dobson 2004). Tech Nova’s market segments are characterized by more emphasis on both workforce and the travelers. However, latest reviews have pointed it out that much more can be generated from the workforce as compared to travelers. In addition, achieving substantial results from both is even easier through adjustments of the previous results. The organisational long-term intention is to venture in to the market for Mercedes because, this is one of the leading firms whose monopoly within the first quarter is an indication of good potential for the market (Betz 2001). From the preliminary results of the first quarter, Tech Nova has been competing only within three markets, but due to the organisational potentials, other markets have been identified. The company can make expansion regionally to areas such as Tokyo and Toronto since only PineApple has been dominant in these areas. The main organisational objective is to expand its market

How Has The Role of the Police Changed?

How Has The Role of the Police Changed? Abstract When thinking of a police officer, what is the first image that comes to mind? If you are like most people, the image is that of a crime fighter, dodging bullets and saving citizens from the grasps of crime and corruption. What if I was to tell you that the realism of law enforcement, conversely, is that of something far less theatrical? How the Role of Police Changed over time: How the Role Change Affected the Public’s View of Police The role of a police officer plays a significant part in normal everyday life. Most recently, however, the role of a police officer started to shift, and that changes many things, including the public’s view on policing. Whether the view change is for better or worse, rest assured these brave men and women will be doing everything in their power to keep us safe. This analysis explores how the role of police has changed over time by answering the subsequent questions, What was the past role of the police officer? What is the role of the police officer currently? What has caused this change in the role? Understanding these inquiries will better our understanding of how effectively our police force is changing over time to protect its citizens. This will also give the communities a better understanding of just how difficult the role of a police officer is, and maybe with the understanding, more communication and cohesion between the department and its neighborhood are in order. What was the past role of the police officer? Before we can look at the current role of a police officer, we have to travel back in time and quickly view the role of the police officer then. Since the beginning of what is known as the professional (or reform) era, law enforcement arose as the key task of police officers (Masters, Muscat, Dussich, Pincu, Skrapec, 2011, p. 139). Masters, Muscat, Dussich, Pincu, Skrapec define law enforcement as, â€Å"The police agency’s application of the criminal code to specific situations† (2011, p. 139). Situated at the nucleus of law enforcement is, arresting the accused (Masters, Muscat, Dussich, Pincu, Skrapec, 2011, p. 172). With the demands so high for law enforcement officers to remove criminals from the streets, a policy known as localized policing came into effect. Localized policing is the formation of smaller departments throughout a larger area (Masters, Muscat, Dussich, Pincu, Skrapec, 2011, p. 146). This meant that police officers could now focus on the parts of town where crime was significantly higher. With the practice of localized policing came the problem of fragmentation. According to Masters, Muscat, Dussich, Pincu, Skrapec, fragmentation is, â€Å"The lack of coordination among law enforcement agencies in the same geographical region due to the existence of many small departments† (2011, p. 146). The disadvantages of fragmentation is that, with departments not talking, one district could be enforcing certain laws stricter than its neighboring jurisdiction (Masters, Muscat, Dussich, Pincu, Skrapec, 2011, p. 146-147). A contrast of these neighboring departments could lead to the one community’s thought of the police department changing to that of excessive force. What is even worse than this is, any criminals that run their business in the jurisdiction of the strict police department, might take their illegitimate deeds to the neighboring town creating a massive problem for the less forceful police department and its citizens (Meese III, 1993, p. 2). With these problems on police administrator’s hands, they knew something had to be done to help these officers. What is the role of the police officer currently? Fast-forwarding back to current times, the administrators have come up with certain changes in the role of police that might help with past complications. One big change that came through was the new roles of a police officer. As said before, the key role was enforcing the law. In this current time, the police officer actually has three major roles now. They are, maintaining order, law enforcement, and providing service. Masters, Muscat, Dussich, Pincu, Skrapec define maintaining order as, â€Å"Peacekeeping activities including enforcement of quality of life laws such as no loitering† (2011, p. 171). According to Masters, Muscat, Dussich, Pincu, Skrapec, this now includes, â€Å"traffic control, and crowd management during sporting events, concerts, and parades† (2011, p. 171). Service activities is defined as, â€Å"Non-law enforcement activities performed by officers on an as-needed basis, such as, giving someone directions† (Masters, Muscat, Dussich, Pincu, Skrapec, 2011, p. 172). Besides the general change in services, the rudimentary outlook of the police officer changed too. In the past, the police officer would chiefly react to occurrences. Now, the officer investigates, strategizes, and takes the initiative (Meese III, 1993, p. 2). The most significant change in policing came with the invention of community-oriented policing. Prono defines community policing as, â€Å"A cooperative relationship between the police and the community where they operate in tandem to diagnose and address crime issues† (2013, p. 1). Community policing is known for making neighborhoods more conscious of crime, and how to avert it (Prono, 2013, p. 1). One of the biggest components of community policing is civilianization. This is defined as, â€Å"assigning to civilians tasks previously performed by police officers† (Masters, Muscat, Dussich, Pincu, Skrapec, 2011, p. 175). The goal of civilianization is to enlarge the amount of community inhabitants actively partaking in policing. Besides the cutback in crime, another influence that community policing has is, the expansion of a progressive relationship amongst the police and the community. What has caused this change in the role? Since there seems to be a new way of policing, administrators decided that they should bring in some new faces around the department. They thought these new faces could help bring some new and exotic ideas to the table. In the 1950s-1960s virtually every department consisted of all white male officers (Sklansky, 2006, p. 1210). As Sklansky states, â€Å"In 2005, for the first time in the history of the NYPD, a majority of the new officers graduating from its academy were members of racial minorities† (Sklansky, 2006, p. 1213-1214). This is a huge step toward equality in the workforce. Something even greater than that comes with the upcoming vast diversity of the police departments. Studies have shown that communities have a better rapport with police officers when some of those police officers are from that descent (Howell, Perry, Vile, 2004 p. 62). It is not just about race anymore, all genders and sexual orientations are now able, and widely accepted to join the police departments. There is a saying that is implemented in the NYPD, the saying is, â€Å"Blue is blue† (Willis, 2002, p. 29). That saying sums it up completely, three little words that have a huge meaning behind them. Another reason for the change in the role of policing is the public’s opinion of police officers. In the past, the affiliation between African Americans and police officers was difficult [to say the least] (Howell, Perry, Vile, 2004, p. 45). With the help of diversifying the police force, and largely to community policing, the views of African American citizens on their community police department have improved considerably (Howell, Perry, Vile, 2004, p. 48). Over the years, with just these few examples, many have seen countless transformations to how the roles of policing have changed for the better. Our communities are never going to stop diversifying anytime soon. Many positive alterations have already begun to take place. With the help of community-oriented policing, and different points of view throughout the departments, thanks to the expansion of race, gender, and sexual orientation, many communities are seeing police in a whole new light. It will take hard work and determination to stay with the times, and not fall back onto beliefs and practices used in the past. With the help of different community based organizations, and a vast amount of backgrounds, our police departments relationship with the communities should flourish. The role of the police officer should become even more community based, because there still is a feeling in many urban communities of race discrimination, and use of excessive force. With time, this should all be taken care of, just like the many problems faced in the past. References Howell,S.E., Perry,H.L., Vile,M. (2004). Black cities/white cities: Evaluating the police.Political Behavior,26(1), 45-68. Masters,R., Muscat,B.T., Dussich,J.P., Pincu,L., Skrapec,C.A. (2011).CJ: Realities and challenges(2nded.). New York, NY: McGraw-Hill. Meese III,E. (1993). Community policing and the police officer.National Institute of Justice, (15), 1-11. Retrieved from www.ncjrs.gov Prono,L. (2013). Community policing. InSalem Press Encyclopedia. Ipswich, MA: EBSCO Publishing. Sklansky,D.A. (2006). Not your fathers police department: Making sense of the new demographics of law enforcement.Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology,96(3), 1209-1233. Willis,C. (2002).NYPD: Stories of survival from the worlds toughest beat. New York, NY: Thunder Mouth Press.

Induction of Staff Essay -- Health Care, Nurse Bank Staff

Induction of staff is a vital step undertaken by the administration to ensure that their staffs remain effective in provision of services to consumers. The aim of this research is to analyse how effective induction of nurses is in retaining the nurse bank staff. From the population sample of the nurses and other staff members, the research will seek to address the views of the sample population to understand how effective induction is. Pre test designs The participants that have been selected to serve as a sample are placed in several groups from where they can now be researched on. The researcher is expected to monitor the effect of the new stimuli that has been introduced on the sample groups and how the sample population reacts to it. It is advisable that the sample be chosen at random in order for the results not to be biased. This helps to isolate and nullify any nuisance. Sampling Method To obtain valid data, a sample has to be chosen from the whole population as it is time consuming to handle the whole population. The sample should be comprised of workers and their employers and some patients who have been granted services from the medical institution. In the selection of the population, stratified sampling will be adopted in order for the research to pay attention to a given subgroup hence it is not easy to confuse information (Byrnes, 2008). This division into the given sub population could be done with reference to the area of specialization with reference to their skills and knowledge to obtain their views on induction. Data Collection The key issue here is not on how we collect data but on how to ensure that we obtain data that is useful. The data will therefore help the researcher to obtain a working as... ... effects that appear in the context but it would be advisable if you remain constant in interviewing all respondents. Appropriate tools and measurement devices have to be obtained to ensure reliability and validity. Data Analysis Interviews can be analyzed by the use of observation where researchers note the way respondent answers questions during the interview. Given the fact that the interview is structured it is easier for the researcher to analyze the data using statistical packages like SPSS (Bryman, Hardy & Hard, 2009). The advantage of statistical significance is that samples reflect the realities in a population. The researcher will also have to put the ethical issues into consideration before conducting survey on opinion from nurses. Permission will be also sorted from the PCT regarding data protection and confidentiality (Best & Krierger, 2004).

Boost Juice in Germany

In International Human Resources Assessment 2 – Group Presentation Boost Juice Expatriate Program Challenges in Germany March 23, 2010 Authors: SindooraNiranjan, 110024230 Maggie Sinclair, 110058024 Kai Zhi Lee, 100111728 Ke Yu, 100070856 Harnie Kumaraguru, 110026969 Word count: 1105 (excluding external referencing) Introduction The concept of Boost brand was created in 1998 when the founder, Janine Allis, realized the fashion of the juice bar when on holidays in the United States. She researched the growing demand and found a huge market opportunity for a healthy fast food alternative in Australia. The first boost juice bar was formed in 2000 located in Adelaide (Boost Juice 2011). The company has expanded internationally with 200 stores in Asia, Europe, and the Middle East through the way of Franchising. This report will analyse and discuss various potential human resource issues when considering the deployment of an Expatriate to Germany to support expansion. In particular, the issues faced by the organization within the five arenas of recruitment and selection, training and development, cross-culture, performance management, and compensation. 1. 1 Expatriate Recruitment & Selection Involvement of the expatriate’s spouse in any pre-assignment, on-assignment and post-assignment training and support, particularly in language and cultural training (Salas et al. 2006; Shen 2005; Morgan et al. 2004; Scholes 2003; Mendenhall & Stahi 2000, Yavas & Bodur 1999) is essential. A spouse’s attitude and predisposition can influence the willingness of a dual-career expatriate to accept international assignments. Expatriates are less likely to agree to relocate and/or experience higher failure rates if experiencing these family stresses. (Harvey 1997; Andreason 2008). In order to prevent expatriate failure, Boost must select candidate with high emotional intelligence (EI) and personality characteristics of openness and sociability (Jassawalla, Truglia & Garvey 2004; Caligiuri 2000, Yavas & Bodur 1999). Conducting behavioural interviews will be deemed suitable to determine the EI of candidate (Goleman 2004, Truglia & Garvey 2004). 1. 2 Recruitment and Selection in Germany Another challenge Boost Australia will have in selecting the right expatriate is choosing a candidate that will have the ability to adjust existing recruitment and selection processes to German Culture. Boost shall recruit older, preferably female employees (Thevenon & Horko 2009) or foreign migrants (Royle 1999) instead of usual young and energetic employees (Datamonitor 2008) as German youngsters under age 21 are rarely involved in unskilled employment due to its structured regulation and training culture (Roberts, Clark & Wallace 1994). KSAs (knowledge, skills & ability) but not psychometric tests shall be used in selection process because German may perceive latter as violation of privacy and inaccurate performance predictor (Steiner & Gilliland 1996; Papalexandris & Panayotopoulou 2004). . 1 Training and Development Training and developing expatriates in areas of language skills, cross-cultural training, company policies and general skills related to the host country, before sending them abroad for their placements, would prove to be greatly beneficial for both the expatriates and the organization (McCaughey & Bruning 2005; Mayrhofer & Scullion 2002; Global Relocation Services 2004). It will support cross-cultural adjustment by increasing the awareness of the norms and behaviours appropriate to the host country and provide the skills for the expatriate to operate more effectively in the unfamiliar host culture (Caliguri 2002; McCaughey & Bruning 2005). As well, support the challenge of coping with differences in lifestyle and language barriers while living and working in Germany (Sims & Schraeder 2004; Welch 2003). Additionally, providing them efficient international performance appraisals can induce positive behaviour increasing the growth of productivity in an organization through staff satisfaction and allow it an added competitive advantage in the global business environment (McCaughey & Bruning 2005; Caliguri 2002). On an international scale the organization should have knowledge of the German culture, ? nd efficient partners to aid in customizing a common training effort to speci? c regional and participant differences, and remain globally consistent in terms of course content and criteria for evaluation (Chang 2009). Programme designers should modify communication to accommodate cultural differences and consider trainees’ level of acceptance, conduct a thorough training-needs and audience analysis, and include members from Germany on the design team (Chang 2009; Shen & Brant 2009; Jassawalla, Traglia & Garvey 2004). 3. 1 Cross-Culture issues Attention must be given to the communication styles for Australian expatriates when they are sent to Germany. German employees tend to be stiff and deficient in sense of humour in business situation (McDonald 2000). The more serious a situation, the more seriousness is necessitated. Also, Teamwork in Germany is regarded as a group of individuals working for a specific leader towards a recognizable goal (Dunkel & Meierewert 2004; Murakami, T 2000). Every employee has a well-defined role and to cross line would arouse confusion. Another important point of emphasis is on the business structure. Most of the power in German companies is the charge of few senior managers. The management board is the final decision-maker on policy matters which affect management. Under board level, companies tend to have a strictly hierarchical approach within which individual’s specific role and responsibilities are tightly defined and allocated. When Australian expatriates deal with the issues of German employees, the cross-culture variation should be treated seriously (Templer 2010). Less humour used in the business circumstances could be beneficial for solving issues. Furthermore, for teamwork projects, German employees should be encouraged to set more clearly objectives in order to achieve the best esult. Lastly, incentive policies should be made so that employees can take active measures to serve for Boost Juice in the hierarchy structure. 4. 1 Performance Management Performance Management System (PMS) is a strategic HRM process that enables the MNC to evaluate and continuously improve individual, subsidiary unit and corporate performance against clearly defined, pre-set objectives that are directly linked to international strategy (Halachmi 2005 ) (Agunis 2009). Hence Performance management is considered as one of the critical function of HRM as it helps in appraising individual’s performance. However, there are certain issues that a company may face when internationalising its operations (Shay and Baack 2004). In case of Boost Company, challenges faced during implementation of PMS can be divided into two categories; 1) Issues faced during implementing PMS programme for its expatriates such as; * Who conducts Performance Management for the expatriate (Shih, Chiang & Kim 2005). Providing timely and regular feedback (Shih, Chiang & Kim 2005). * Issues relating performance criteria (Shih, Chiang & Kim 2005). 2) Issues faced when implementing PMS in its HCN (Germany) * Cultural adaptability (Waal & Counet 2008) (Ferner et al 2001). Analysing the issues faced by Boost, it can be said that International Performance Management system are affected by various host contextual and firm specific factors such as the political, economic, internatio nal strategy, stage of internationalisation etc (Shen 2004). Therefore MNC’s when expanding their operations beyond borders should consider such factors to formulate and implement effective international performance management policies and practices. 5. 1 Compensation Compensation is a powerful tool that can further an organization’s strategic goals and at the same time has a large impact on employees’ attitudes and behaviours. (Festing et al, Dec 2006). It is imperative to both the company’s bottom line and the individuals involved that it is perceived to be done fairly and clearly communicated (Sims & Schraeder, 2005). Boost must determine the right compensation approach that will meet the needs of its financial goals as well as be an incentive to attract and retain best incumbents (Wentland, 2003; Sims & Schraeder 2004; Zingheim & Schuster, 2001; Dwyer, 1999) It must be: * competitive * consistent * cost-effective The Balance sheet approach was selected as best suited for this expatriate program. Knowledge and skill set required are equal to parent company, so it was viewed as most fair and equitable approach to maintain the purchasing power of both their team in Australia and those on international assignments. Sims, Schraeder 2005) It is the best approach to be perceived equally by the expatriate to be adequate and meet their needs of competitiveness and consistent for their expected behaviours. (Suutari,V, & Tornikoski, C 2001) The final confirmation to ensure Compensation is aligned appropriately, reducing potential early expatriate failure is that both parties have a clear understanding to wh at is in and what is out of the package and perception of adequate compensation is equal. Conclusion International Human Resources has progressed rapidly and is penetrating at institutional, national and international levels. Simultaneously multi-national and international companies today are faced with the complexity of cross-cultural issue due to globalization (Pranee 2010). In summary this report clearly demonstrates the importance of human resource management (HRM) to be included at the forefront of any consideration to enter the global arena. Underestimating these key areas reviewed as well as other HR practices will cause concern and risk increased potential failure of any expatriate program. Reference List Aguinis, H 2009, Performance Management, Pearson Education, New Jersey. Andreason, AW 2008, ‘Expatriate adjustment of spouses and expatriate managers: an integrative research review,’ International Journal of Management, vol. 25, no. 2, pp. 382-395. Boost Juice 2011, franchise info, viewed at 20th February 2011, < http://www. boostjuicebars. com> Caliguri, P 2002, ‘Global competence: What is it, and can it be developed through global assignments? ’, Human Resources Planning, vol. 24, no. 3, pp. 27 – 35. Caligiuri, PM 2000, ‘Selecting expatriates for personality characteristics: a moderating effect of personality on the relationship between host national contact and cross-cultural adjustment,’ Management International Review, vol. 40, no. 1, pp. 61-80. Chang, WW 2009, ‘Cross-cultural  adjustment in the multinational  training  program’, Human Resource Development International, vol. 12, no. 5, pp. 561 – 569. Counet, H, Waal, A, A 2008, ‘Lessons learned from performance management systems implementations’, International Journal of Productivity and Performance Management, vol. 58, no. 4, pp. 367-390. Datamonitor 2008, Boost Juice bar case study: Marketing smoothie bars as a healthy alternative to coffee shops, Datamonitor, pp. 1-12. Dunkel, A & Meierewert, S 2004, ‘Culture Standards and their impact on teamwork — An empirical analysis of Austrian, German, Hungarian and Spanish culture differences’, Journal for East European Management Studies, vol. 14, no. 3, pp. 147-174. Ferner, Anthony,Quintanilla, Javier, Varul & Matthias Z 2001, ‘Country-of-Origin Effects, Host-Country Effects, and the Management of HR in Multinationals: German Companies in Britain and Spain, Journal of World Business, vol. 36, no. 2, pp. 1-107. Global Relocation Services 2004, Global relocation Trends 2003/2004 Survey Report, viewed 18th February 2011, . Goleman, D 2004, ‘What makes a leader? ’ Harvard Business Review, vol. 82, no. 1, p. 82-91. Halachmi, A 2005, ‘Performance measurement is only one way of managing performance management’, International Jour nal of Productivity and Performance Management, vol. 54, no. 7, pp. 502-516. Harvey, M 1997, ‘Dual-career expatriates: expectations, adjustment and satisfaction with international relocation,’ Journal of International Business Studies, vol. 8, no. 3, pp. 627-658. Jassawalla, A, Truglia, C & Garvey, J 2004, ‘Cross-cultural conflict and expatriate manager adjustment: an exploratory study,’ Management Decision, vol. 42, no. 7/8, pp. 837-849. Mayrhoefer, W& Scullion, H 2002, ‘Female expatriates in international business: empirical evidence from the German clothing industry’, International Journal of Human Resource Management, vol. 13, no. 1, pp. 815 – 836. McCaughey, D &Bruning, NS 2005, ‘Enhancing opportunities for expatriate job satisfaction: HR strategies for foreign assignment success’, Human Resource Planning, vol. 8, no. 4, pp. 21 – 29. McDonald, G 2000, ‘Cross-cultural methodological issues in ethical researc h’, Journal of Business Ethics, vol. 27, no. 3, pp. 89-104. Mendenhall, ME & Stahi, GK 2000, ‘Expatriate training and development: where do we go from here? ’ Human Resource Management, vol. 39, no. 2, pp. 251-265. Morgan, L, Jie, W & Young, ST 2004, ‘Operational factors as determinants of expatriate and repatriate success,’ International Journal of Operation & Production, vol. 24, no. 11/12, pp. 1247-1261. Murakami, T 2000, ‘Trade Union Strategy and Teamwork: The British and German Car Industry’, Labor Studies Journal, vol. 24, pp. 35-52 Paplexandris, N & Panayotopoulou, L 2004, ‘Exploring the mutual interaction of societal culture and human resource management practices: evidence from 19 countries,’ Employee Relations, vol. 26, no. 5, pp. 495-509. Roberts, K, Clark, SC & Wallace, C 1994, ‘Flexibility and individualism: a comparison of transitions into employment in England and Germany,’ Sociology, vol. 28, no. 1, pp. 31-54. Royle, T 1999, ‘Recruiting the acquiescent workforce: a comparative analysis of McDonald’s in Germany and the UK,’ Employee Relations, vol. 21, no. 6, pp. 540-555. Salas, LN, Hess, KP, Paley, M & Riedel, S 2006, ‘Expatriate preparation: a critical analysis of 25 years of cross-cultural training research,’ Human Resource Development Review, vol. 5, no. 3, pp. 355-388. Scholes, S 2003, The expatriate manager in South Korea: cross cultural communication, viewed 2 February 2011, < http://www. international-business-careers. com/international_career_expatriate_resources_2. html>. Shay, JP & Baack, SA 2004, ‘Expatriate assignment, adjustment and effectiveness: An empirical examination of the big picture’, Journal of International Business Studies, vol. 35, no. 2, pp. 216-232. Shen, J 2005, ‘Towards a generic international human resource management (IHRM) model,’ Journal of Organisational Transformation and Social Change, vol. 2, no . 2, p. 83-102. Shen, J & Brant, L 2009, ‘Cross-cultural training on expatriate performance in Australian MNEs’, Human Resource Development International, vol. 12, no. 4, pp. 371 – 386.

World War I race Essays - Identity Politics, Black Star Line

World War I race Essays - Identity Politics, Black Star Line World War I race Olamide Yussuf 10/10/2010 History 157 Dr. Kathleen Sander After World War I, America began transitioning into a modern era, which changed America forever. The 1920s saw drastic political and social revolution in the United States. The ending of World War I also began advances in technology that led to economic growth. ?The first Industrial Revolution century had catapulted the United State into the forefront among the world?s richest and most developed nations? (Divine, 720). The United States became the wealthiest nations in the world because the consumer goods industry. During this period, ?American industrial output nearly doubled and the gross national product rose by 40 percent? (Divine p. 720). The United States had the best growth with consumer items such as automobiles, appliances, furniture and clothing. In 1929, ?the national per capita income increased by 30 percent to $681? (Divine p. 720).Electricity was a driving force in the industries. The majority of industrial power was from electricity. The new technology was such a major asset that worker production increased by 75% and was producing double the amount of goods (Divine p. 720). The biggest of consumer goods was the automobile industry. The auto industry was building cars at a very rapid rate, but other industries were building items such as electrical appliances and furniture (Divine p.720). In 1920, ten million cars were in produced and sold. Before the turn of the century, nearly twenty six million cars were sold. ?Production jumped from fewer than two million to more than five million by 1929? (Divine p.720). By the end of the 1920?s, the majority of families enjoyed electricity and ?spent vast sums on washing machines, vacuum cleaners, refrigerators and ranges. With the advanced technology of these items, families were able to enjoy themselves more, because of the extra time they had. In addition, Radio broadcast and motion pictures became successful. The first radio show was in Pittsburgh, which became the driving force for eight hundred independent radio shows to begin (Divine p.721). The motion picture industry expanded as well. By the mid 20?s, many cities had their own movie theaters which entertained thousands of people and families. Marketing also found enormous growth as well. Advertising earning nearly doubled from 1915 to 1926. Numerous stores such as A However even though America was entering a new modern era with temporary economic growth there were things that still did not change. Racial relations between blacks and whites grew more hostile. Despite blacks fighting and dying along side whites in World War I, blacks still did not receive the same rights as whites. (Divine, 712) Racial violence, and riots, was rampant throughout the United States. Race wars were happening throughout the country. In Illinois 9 whites and 40 blacks were killed. In Washington DC a race riot led to 6 deaths. In Chicago, a riot killed 15 whites and 23 blacks. Lynch mobs were murdering more than 40 African Americans a year from 1917 to 1919. Even black war veterans were murdered, some still in uniform. (Divine, 711) Unfortunately, some black soldiers fought for their country, just to be murdered by the people they helped protect. Usually the race riots involved a lynch mob of whites attacking innocent black people. However, the 1919 riots were different in that, they also involved blacks fighting back. The NAACP singled this change by urging blacks not just to demand government protection, but also to retaliate, to defend themselves. Claude McKay, Roscoe Jameson, and other black poets wrote poetry as inspiration for Blacks to fight. One black veteran returning from France said ?I?m glad I went, I done my part and I?m going to fight here till Uncle Sam does his.? (Divine 712) Blacks were not going to be terrorized by whites anymore without defending themselves and fighting back. Fueled by postwar fears and promotional techniques, memberships of the white supremacy group, the Ku Klux Klan (KKK) grow exponentially. (Divine, 735) Chapters were formed in villages, towns, and small cities across the nation. Ku Klux Klan members even infiltrated the government by gaining control of legislatures in several states. The

On Invisible Bullets Essay Example

On Invisible Bullets Essay Example On Invisible Bullets Paper On Invisible Bullets Paper An outline on Invisible Bullets As we analyze the essay, we realize that the writer discusses a material in each paragraph, and carefully relates it to the next paragraph. He supports his ideas with concrete examples related to the main topic sentence, which is the relation between orthodoxy and subversion in Harriot’s book. In the first paragraph, we have a motivator mixed with a background of the ideas he wants to discuss. In the next paragraph he wisely supports that background by giving different examples. In the third paragraph he emphasizes on some specific words such as â€Å"religion† which he uses several times through the essay. For each paragraph, we can find a topic sentence, and through the paragraph he brings arguments and supports and examples for that topic sentence, which in general, is itself supporting the main topic sentence and the main idea of the text. The paragraphs follow each other very smoothly and the essay grows in an evolutionary way. Each part is the result of the previous part. It’s quite a kind of classical text. We don’t have jumps and fragmentation. What attracts the reader’s attention is the use of quotation marks. Each time that he wants to use someone else’s words, he uses quotation marks, even if it contains only of one single word. The use of punctuation is also very eye catching. As we go through out the essay, we see that he makes the most benefit of each subject matter and each example and discusses them from all possible related points of view. So he is very good at supporting his idea. He gives us a fool complete satisfying argumentation. He had made benefit of every word or phrase written by Harriot which can be used in order to support his discussion. In the last three paragraphs he repeats his main ideas such as â€Å"the condition of power† and â€Å"continuity of subversion†; and even in the few last sentences, he doesn’t ignore the use of Harriot’s words and ideas.

I WILL give the topic later Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

I WILL give the topic later - Essay Example Like the induction of electronic and personal health records (EHRs and PHRs), biometric and telemedicine devices and mobile phone applications are helping people to interact with doctor in a more advance and efficient way. The word e-Health is coined for all the domains under the health care sphere. According to the article, it is very important for health care professionals to understand this e-health support infrastructure in order to reap its fruits. Then the article has explained a model in order to explain the future of e-health. In this model the consumers and physicians are surrounded by the layers of the technological tools that are currently used or in near future will be the part of this sector. At the bottom of the chart, information/communication technology has provided platform to consumers for the interaction with the physicians and at the top is the way the physician will communicate, that is web-portal. Then the article further elaborated the chart and the way EHRs have made working easy for the people in this sector. Then the population/communication centric delivery system need and its integration importance with the home based biometric systems are described in the article. According to writer, this idea will help to address challenges and needs like environment, food and socio-economic ones. The writer then with the help David Blumenthal’s six way framework (provider/consumer information flow and communication) tried to explain how the e-health will affect the communication between patient and doctors. He explained that HIT and its software will allow the physicians to learn about patients. It will also provide 24/7 assess to the providers to the patient’s database. This will completely transform the way doctors and patients will communicate because they will communicate now through IT and much more. The article then elaborated the

International business Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words - 1

International business - Essay Example In the past, MNEs were contented with the surplus they earned from doing business in the developed world markets and other selected countries. However, with the saturation of these economies, global business organizations have come to the realization that there is a need to venture into emerging markets which provide new opportunities. The emerging markets have a huge demand base for products that were hitherto unavailable to them coupled with large populations with significant purchasing power. In consideration of these unique features, the emerging markets have come to be regarded as fitting and dependable suppliers of an array of goods and services. Despite the existence of a huge economic potential, the MNEs are continuously faced with various risks and challenges unique to these emerging markets. MNEs and other global business organizations therefore, have to formulate alternative strategies in order to remain successful in emerging markets and maintain their existence in the gl obal arena. ... These unique approaches that may differ from the ones these MNEs employ in the developed world markets enhance the techniques of global strategic management. The success of champions in emerging market economies has shown that these multinationals clearly understand the emerging market environment in which they operate, paying them huge dividends on the innovative strategies they are able to formulate. The existing successful multinationals have also indicated that they understand the chemistry and the psyche of consumers in the host country, enabling them to target a broader market instead of focusing on a fortunate few (Upadhyay, 2007). Moreover, the highly successful MNEs have built considerable distribution channels that utilize a highly advanced distribution strategy with the aim of reaching a bigger percentage of the population. In the process, these firms have been able to build their brands, establish reputations, and create an image that neatly merges their overall global st rategy with local consumer preference and ensured satisfaction. Owing to their discretion and highly developed strategic approaches, MNEs such as Unilever Group, Coca Cola, LG Electronics, GE and IKEA have shown remarkable success in emerging markets such as India, China, Brazil and Argentina (Upadhyay, 2007). The examples above provide evidence showing that in order for MNEs to be successful in their pursuit of globalization and the quest to remain globally competitive in emerging markets, they need to come up with unique strategies that take into account an understanding of the host country’s psychological trends and choice patterns. In addition, it is imperative to note that emerging markets consumers